The aim of the project is to quantify the influence of the properties of metal-oxide nanoparticles (diameter, degree of agglomeration, chemical composition, surface characteristics, and coating) on the induction of cellular mechanisms which are characteristic of the response to oxidative stress and immune reactions. Within the framework of the project proposed, nanoparticles with defined composition, size distribution, and surface properties will be synthesised, transferred into an aerosol with defined size distribution, and deposited on cells via the air/liquid interface. Ultimately, the biological responses in cell systems will be quantified and the nanoparticles will be localised in the cellular compartments.